¿Hhich is a contemporary citis? During the nineteenth century society, economy and, therefore, the concept of the city changed radically.
Industrial capitalism appears and the creation of a new society, that of classes, with the bourgeoisie dominating political power; from the French Revolution and the bourgeois revolutions of 38, 48 and 68, and with the proletariat increasingly exploited and with miserable living conditions. The bourgeoisie is the shaper of economic power, and soon it will be of the politician. Its concept of property is different from that of the Modern Age: it is absolute property, free of easements and that can be bought and sold. One of the most important events for the construction of the new city is the confiscation, which puts much urban land on the market and makes possible the speculation on the part of the bourgeoisie, something totally accepted at the time.
During the nineteenth century the city changed radically, became industrial and bourgeois; and grows to unsuspected dimensions, thanks to transportation. The contemporary city gravitates on two basic ideas: the concentration of the market around the creation of an urban center and the meeting of the labor force and consumers.
¿Examples of a contemporary city? The prototype of the city is Paris, and the reform of Haussmann (minister of Napoleon III) the model of action in the whole world. Haussmann proposes an orderly city, in which the supposed hygienists of the enlightened are present: sewers, lighting, wide and tree-lined streets, etc. But, in addition, this city is built with police criteria, since an urban plan is proposed; either radial, orthogonal, or any other; that allows the repression of revolutionary demonstrations. However, the important thing about Haussmann's model is not this, but the fact that it subjects the ancient city to an entire operation of urban surgery, throwing away the old to build the new, and all financed by the public powers.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------¿Significant events of contemporary cities?
-Around The urban center and around the railway appears the urban industry, which characterizes the city of the nineteenth century. But the needs of space and pollution problems end up expelling this activity from the cities, in favor of the residential and tertiary functions. The industry is installed in the outskirts, increasingly distant from the center, as the city .------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The high prices of the plots after the plans of internal reform and enlargement suppose that the proletariat can not access these dwellings, so that there appear two types of marginal housing: suburban slums, illegal plots, without a joint project and that give to the plane an irregular aspect, in spite of its internal regularity; and the corrals or houses of neighbors, in the old quarters of the cities and in the widening. These pens are usually found inside the blocks or in buildings abandoned by the bourgeoisie, which progressively deteriorate. The illegal plots will lack sanitary infrastructure, since .the,City will not recognize them.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The new industrial capitalist economy will create a city that welcomes the concentrated market, but also the proletariat that works in the factories, for that reason, in all the countries of the world, at some point, there is a rural exodus, the abandonment of the countryside and the emigration to the city, where the industry is. This concentration of the workforce not only aims to have the work force grouped and close, but also disconnected from the rural environment, which could return in case of crisis. In this way the bourgeoisie makes sure that the work force depends on it to survive,
-With the demographic explosion and the urbanization of industrial society, cities are growing. The urban transport is the one that makes possible the growth of the cities in surface, until unsuspected limits shortly before, and without big upheavals of time. The tram is the symbol of the nineteenth-century city and the private car of the city of our time.
-In the nineteenth century new cities are not created, but the new city is built according to a plan. This project draws different planes, with different objectives, within each city. Today we can find, in all cities, different types of plane according to the time in which they were reformed: from the irregular of the old city, to the radial, orthogonal or linear plane. However, this does not mean that there were no proposals for ideal cities.
-In the 1920s, a new city model emerged: the streets open for cars and the road network was hierarchized; the infrastructures that will take water and electricity to the houses are created, garbage is collected, etc.,
-In the 1920s, a new city model emerged: the streets open for cars and the road network was hierarchized; the infrastructures that will take water and electricity to the houses are created, garbage is collected, etc., and a new type of building appears that will condition the urban landscape; the skyscraper and the multi-storey buildings. The multi-storey buildings will allow the use of the ground floor for market and the rest of the building for housing.
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